Intelligent irrigation control and safety system

Overview

Agriculture continues to play an important role in the Indian economy. The agricultural sector is changing the socio-economic environments of the population due to liberalization and globalization. The irrigation system in India has been given high priority in economic development. Many new concepts are being developed to allow agricultural automation to flourish and realize its full potential. To take full advantage of these technologies, we must not only consider the implications of developing a unique new technology, but we must consider the broader issues for the entire development of a system.
The article Real-time atomization of agricultural environment for social modernization of Indian agricultural system using Arduino and GSM ‘focuses on the atomization of irrigation systems for the social welfare of the Indian agricultural system. The project is implemented through the use of an advanced Atmega328 microprocessor processor, GSM serves as an important part since it is in charge of controlling irrigation in the field and sends them to the receiver through coded signals. GSM works via SMS and is the link between Arduino and the centralized unit.
ATMEGA328 is an advanced version of microprocessors and forms the heart of the system. Our project aims to implement the basic application of atomization of the irrigation field by programming the components and building the necessary hardware. This project is used to find the exact condition of the field. GSM is used to inform the user about the exact condition of the field. The information is provided at the request of the user in the form of SMS. The GSM modem can be controlled by a standard set of AT (Attention) commands. These commands can be used to control most of the functions of the GSM modem.
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In this project we are using ATMEGA328,, moisture sensor to detect the soil moisture condition automatically and 16X2 LCD is used to display its values ​​with the help of a built-in analog to digital converter and people can access the information from the sensors with the help of simple SMS by using GSM technology. Depending on the humidity sensors, the submersible motor will turn on and off automatically.
This project uses two power supplies, one regulated at 5V for modules and the other at 5V for ARDUINO. The 7805 three-terminal voltage regulator is used to regulate voltage. The bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the secondary AC output of the 230 / 12V step-down transformer.

Required Hardware Components

• Arduino (ATMEGA328)
• LCD
• RELAY
• Soil Sensor

SOFTWARE

• Arduino ide
• PROTEUS

ADVANTAGES

• Ease of maintenance
• Accessing the data from any remote place.
• Less power consumption
• Very faster communication

APPLICATIONS:

• Industrial Automation
• Weather stations
• Home Automation
• Notice boards

Arduino uno

Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on ATmega328P (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), a USB connection, a power connector, an ICSP header, and a reboot. button. . It contains everything necessary to support the microcontroller; just plug it into a computer with a USB cable or power it up with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. You can play with your Uno without worrying too much about doing something wrong, in the worst case you can replace the chip for a few dollars and start over.

“Uno” means one in Italian and was chosen to mark the release of Arduino Software (IDE) 1.0. The Uno board and version 1.0 of the Arduino software (IDE) were the reference versions of the Arduino, now evolved to newer versions. The Uno board is the first in a series of Arduino USB boards and the reference model for the Arduino platform; For an extensive list of current, outdated, or outdated boards, see the Arduino Board Index.

Tech specs

16 × 2 standard LCD screen

Do you want to add an interface to your project? Use the standard 16 × 2 alphanumeric LCD display, they are extremely common and a quick way for your project to display status messages.

An LCD (liquid crystal display) screen is an electronic display module and has a wide range of applications. A 16 × 2 LCD screen is a very basic module and is very commonly used in various devices and circuits.

A 16 × 2 LCD screen means that it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 of those lines. On this LCD screen, each character is displayed in a 5 × 7 pixel matrix. The 16 x 2 alphanumeric dot-matrix smart display is capable of displaying 224 different characters and symbols. This LCD display has two registers, namely Command and Data. The command register stores various commands given to the screen.

The data log stores the data to be displayed. The screen control process involves placing the data that makes up the image of what you want to display in the data registers and then placing the instructions in the instruction register. In your Arduino project, the liquid crystal library simplifies this so you don’t need to know the low-level instructions. The display contrast can be adjusted by adjusting the potentiometer that will be connected through the VEE pin.

General specifications

Pinout

Single-Channel Relay Module Pin Description

A relay is an electrically actuated switch. It consists of a set of input terminals for one or more control signals and a set of operating contact terminals. The switch can have any number of contacts in multiple contact forms, such as making contacts, breaking contacts, or combinations thereof.

Single Channel Relay Module Specifications

Soil Moisture Sensor

This is an easy to use digital soil moisture sensor. Simply insert the sensor into the ground and you can measure the moisture content or water level in it. It gives a digital output of 5V when the humidity level is high and 0V when the humidity level is low in the soil.

The sensor includes a potentiometer to set the desired humidity threshold. When the sensor measures more humidity than the set threshold, the digital output increases and an LED indicates the output. When the humidity in the soil is less than the established threshold, the production remains low. The digital output can be connected to a microcontroller to detect the humidity level. The sensor also generates an analog output that can be connected to a microcontroller’s ADC to obtain the exact level of moisture in the soil.

This sensor is ideal for water gardening projects, water detection, etc.

Specifications:-

Connections:-

Usage:-

• The soil moisture module is more sensitive to the environment, it is generally used to detect the moisture content of the soil.
• When the module cannot reach the threshold value, DO port output high, when soil moisture exceeds a set threshold value, the D0 module output goes low;
• D0 small board digital output can be directly connected to the MCU, MCU to detect high and low, to detect soil moisture;
• DO small board digital output can directly drive the buzzer module or relay module in our store, which can form soil moisture alarm equipment;
• Small board analog output AO and AD module connected through AD converter, you can get more accurate values of soil moisture;

////////////Intelligent irrigation control and safety system /////


#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(12,11,2,3,4,5);
const int relay = 8;
const int soil_sensor = 7;
int stateButton;
void setup()
{
  lcd.begin(16,2);
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(relay, OUTPUT);
pinMode(soil_sensor, INPUT);
delay(100);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Irrigation System");
lcd.setCursor(1,1);
lcd.print("MOTOR ON");
}
void loop() 
{
  lcd.setCursor(0,1);
  int stateButton = digitalRead(soil_sensor); //read the state of the button

  if(stateButton == LOW) 
    { //if is pressed
       lcd.setCursor(0,1);
    lcd.println("MOTOR OFF       ");

    digitalWrite(relay, HIGH);
     Serial.println("SENDING  A MESSAGE ....please wait......\n");
       } 
  else 
    { //if not pressed
     digitalWrite(relay, LOW);  //write 0 or low to led pin
    
    lcd.println("MOTOR ON         ");
}
}