In Arduino, we can do coding in C and C++ languages.
We will discuss how can code in C++ language and some basic predefined functions in Arduino
Code structure will be as follow:
// #include /* Here we can include pre/user defined libraries */
#define LED 13 /* Creating Macro for led pin */
void setup() /* setup function is used for initializing and configuration */
{ /* This function execute only once when arduino powered up */
pinMode(LED,OUTPUT); /* Initializing the led pin as output */
}
void loop() /* loop function is the main function */
{ /* This function executed as iteration */
digitalWrite(LED,HIGH); /* making the led pin high, led will glow */
delay(1000); /* sleep for 1000 msec for blinking so visible for our naked eye*/
digitalWrite(LED,LOW); /* making the led pin low, led will off */
delay(1000); /* sleep for 1000 msec or 1 second*/
}
The above program is an example of led blinking of 1 second.
Table of Contents
Predefined Functions:
Some of the predefined functions are:
pinMode(pin,mode);
digitalRead(pin);
digitalWrite(pin,value);
analogRead(pin);
analogWrite(pin,value);
pulseIn(pin,value);
delay(ms);
pinMode(pin,mode):
- Configures the specified pin to behave either as an input or an output.
Structure:
pinMode(pin , mode)
• pin: the number of the pin whose mode you wish to set.
• mode: INPUT or OUTPUT.
digitalRead(pin):
- Reads the value from a specified digital pin, returns either HIGH or LOW
Structure:
digitalRead(pin)
• pin: the number of the digital pin you want to read ( 0 to 13 )
digitalWrite(pin,value):
- Write a HIGH or a LOW value to a digital pin.
Structure:
digitalWrite(pin , value)
• pin: the pin number
• value: HIGH or LOW
analogRead(pin):
- Reads the value from the specified analog pin
Structure:
analogRead(pin)
• pin the number of the analog input pin to read from A0 to A5
analogWrite(pin,value):
- Writes an analog value (PWM wave) to a pin.
Structure:
analogWrite(pin , value)
• pin: the pin to write to. Allowed data types:
• value: the duty cycle: between 0 (always off) and 255 (always on)
• PWM pins are 3,5,6,9,10 and 11.
pulseIn(pin,value):
- Reads a pulse (either HIGH or LOW on a pin, For example, if the value is HIGH pulseIn waits for the pin to go HIGH starts timing, then waits for the pin to go LOW
Structure
pulseIn(pin , value)
• pin: the number of the pin on which you want to read the pulse. ( int)
• value: type of pulse to read: either HIGH or LOW. (int)
delay(ms):
- Pauses the program for the amount of time (in milliseconds) specified as a parameter. (There are 1000 milliseconds in a second.)
Structure
delay(ms)
• ms: the number of milliseconds to pause. Allowed data types: unsigned long
I will explain these functions with examples in the next blog.
Note: reference from arduino.cc