Automatic Passenger Counting Systems Using Arduino

Overview

An automated counter system is an efficient solution for counting the number of people entering or leaving a bus. Highlight people and passengers counters are compact and autonomous devices based on non-contact stereoscopic vision technology. They have been designed for passengers counting above the doorways of buses and rolling stocks and counting people as they enter or leave buildings or any area with restricted access.

Benefits of deploying a passenger counting system: 

•  Comparing and verifying fare collection figures with passenger counts 
•  Validating passenger counts to justify payments due to transportation companies 
•  Scheduling maintenance and cleaning based on vehicle usage 
•  Optimising vehicle load across regions, time periods, or other factors 
•  Monitoring service quality

Components Used

• Arduino UNO
• IR sensor
• 16 X 2 LCD
• Breadboard
• Jumper wires

Block Diagram

Arduino

Description

The Uno R3 CH340G ATmega328p Development Board is the low-cost version of the popular Uno R3 Arduino. It is assembled with the CH340 USB to Serial converter chip, instead of using an Atmega16U2 chip.

We have used plenty of these low-cost Arduino boards with CH340 chips, and have found them to work perfectly. The only time the CH340 chip is used is during programming and when using the serial output of the USB port. During regular operation, this board is identical to the more expensive version without the CH340 chip.

Arduno Specifications:

• Microcontroller ATMEGA 328P
• Operating Voltage 5V
• Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V
• Input Voltage (limit) 6-20V
• Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
• PWM Digital I/O Pins 6 
• Analog Input Pins 6
• DC Current per I/O Pin 20 mA
• DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
• Flash Memory 32 KB
• SRAM  2KB
• EEPROM 1 KB
• Clock Speed 16 MHz

IR Sensor as Visitor Detector

The main element of this project is the IR Sensor which works as a Human Detector. Whenever the IR sensor detects an interrupt it counts the person and adds it to the previous value. You can check some of our previous projects made using IR Sensor Like Digital Tachometer and also the Fan Speed Measurement.

IR Sensor module has the great adaptive capability of the ambient light. It has an infrared transmitter and a receiver. The infrared emitting tube emits a certain frequency which when encounters an obstacle reflects back to the signal. The reflected signal is then received by the receiver tube. Apart from the IR Transmitter and Receiver the circuit also consists of Opamp, Variable Resistor (Trimmer pot) & output LED.

16 × 2 standard LCD screen

Final Code

//////  Automatic Passenger Counting Systems   //////////


#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(A0,A1,A2,A3,A4,A5);
// rs=A0, en=A1, d4=A2, d5=A3, d6=A4, d7=A5
int temp=0;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  lcd.begin(16,2);
   pinMode(2,INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(3,INPUT_PULLUP);

lcd.print("Bus Passenger Count");
Serial.print("Bus Passenger Counter");
}

void loop() {
  
if(digitalRead(2)==0)
  { 
    temp=temp+1;
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0,0);
    lcd.print("Passenger in");
   lcd.setCursor(14,0);
   lcd.print(temp);
   lcd.setCursor(2,1);
   lcd.print("Total:");
   lcd.print(temp);
   Serial.print("Passenger In \t");
   Serial.print(temp);
   Serial.print("\t Total \t");
   Serial.println(temp);
     delay(500);
  }
else if(digitalRead(3)==0)
{
  if(temp>0)
  {
   temp=temp-1;
   lcd.clear();
   lcd.setCursor(0,0);
   lcd.print("Passenger Out");
   lcd.setCursor(14,0);
   lcd.print(temp);
   lcd.setCursor(2,1);
   lcd.print("Total:");
      lcd.print(temp);
   Serial.print("Passenger Out\t");
        Serial.print(temp);
   Serial.print("\t Total \t");
   Serial.println(temp);
   delay(500);
  }
  else if(temp<0)
  {
    temp = 0;
    Serial.print("wrong\t");
    Serial.println(temp);
  }
}


}